TL&DR Summary: they can. But the economics of energy storage depend on the application, and no energy storage option makes cheap kWh unless it is used to deliver enough kWh. Long term storage must have an ultra-low capital cost to be affordable, because otherwise its cost is not distributed over a large enough number of […]
Category: Energy and Decarbonization
A Short Screed About Biofuels
Apologies to the millions of artists whose work was scraped by Google to make their generative AI tool possible. TL&DR Summary: we’ll need biofuels for shipping and aviation, which need rather than merely want liquid fuels. We’ll also potentially need biofuels to serve as our reservoir of stored fuels to serve periods of renewable electricity […]
The Circular Economy is a Thermodynamic Myth
TL&DR Summary: all real systems have energy and matter inputs, and generate waste streams of both matter and “entropy” (i.e. the entropy of the universe always increases). A “circular economy” is a thermodynamic impossibility. We should instead talk about optimal recycle, where the environmental impacts of matter waste are balanced against energy input and its […]
Chemical Recycling of Plastics
People hate plastics, or at least often say they do. In fact they are happy to have their lives saved by single use medical plastics, and they reward the convenience of plastics at the cash register whenever they’re offered, unless somebody gets in the way with regulations, but they still claim to hate them. Why […]
The Ocean Cleanup is as Dumb as DAC- and that’s saying something
photo credit: Ocean Cleanup UPDATED: 7 Aug 2025, to fix typos and to repeat myself about real solutions, because commenters simply will not click on the links to other articles where I deal with these solutions in depth To some, this one is a really sacred cow for some reason. And frankly I find the […]
Green Steel = Green Iron
Image credit: Google Gemini What is “green steel”? Simple. It’s a misnomer. Iron in nature is rarely found alone. We mine its oxides as iron ores. These oxides need to be chemically reduced (gaining electrons = reduction) to take the Fe+2 and Fe+3 ions in the iron oxides, to Fe metal. And the oxygen needs […]
Will Green Hydrogen Save the Cement Industry?
Image credit: Google Gemini TL&DR summary: hydrogen can be used in cement production as a natural gas replacement, but that doesn’t solve the entire CO2 emissions of cement production. There are other problems like the lack of hydrogen flame radiance, but the deal killer is the cost per tonne of CO2 emissions averted. Hydrogen may […]
Can You Put Hydrogen in Natural Gas Pipelines? Ya, but…
Ya-but the rabbit, courtesy of Google Gemini TL&DR Summary: sure, you can re-use an existing gas pipeline to carry some quantity of hydrogen at some pressure, and do so safely. How much pressure and under what circumstances and operating conditions, and how much energy can be delivered via that repurposed pipe, and whether or not […]
Electric Heating- the Future of Industrial Heat
This article is a summary of my series of posts about electric heating: https://www.linkedin.com/posts/paul-martin-195763b_for-the-next-while-im-going-to-make-periodic-activity-7230286694044852224-ntuR?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop https://www.linkedin.com/posts/paul-martin-195763b_post-2-about-electric-heating-residential-activity-7230648442459447299-wdnK?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop https://www.linkedin.com/posts/paul-martin-195763b_electric-heating-3distillation-somewhere-activity-7231015287548960769-5N6U?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop https://www.linkedin.com/posts/paul-martin-195763b_electric-heating-4medium-temperatures-activity-7232761271262015488-a7x6?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop https://www.linkedin.com/posts/paul-martin-195763b_electric-heating-4aimmersion-heaters-every-activity-7233844691836747776-osxJ?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop https://www.linkedin.com/posts/paul-martin-195763b_electric-heating-5very-high-temperatures-activity-7234187728098115584-VcsH?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop https://www.linkedin.com/posts/paul-martin-195763b_spitfire-research-activity-7234548501643190273-oDCe?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop https://www.linkedin.com/posts/paul-martin-195763b_electric-heating-6bmore-high-temperature-activity-7234947655750053888-Ocqt?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop https://www.linkedin.com/posts/paul-martin-195763b_electric-heatingfinal-thoughts-its-clear-activity-7236112474733735936-MXfw?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop Some people have it in their head that there’s no way to make heat other than via fire. The reality is more complex. The reason we use fire to make heat is that […]
Home Heating-Electrification?
UPDATE 17/08/2024: major updated costs and analysis Warning: this article contains a lot of numbers. Numbers that tell a story. If you don’t like numbers, stop reading and spare yourself arithmetic anxiety. It should not be news to you that people in Canada need to heat their homes. Some of us also need air conditioning […]